@Article{RaoRaoMahKumGov:2021:LaCoDe,
               author = "Rao, Vadlamudi Brahmananda and Rao, Koti Koteswara and 
                         Mahendranath, B. and Kumar, T. V. L. and Govardhan, D.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Azim 
                         Premji University} and {Andhra University} and {SRM Institute of 
                         Science and Technology} and {University of Hyderabad}",
                title = "Large-scale connection to deadly Indian heatwaves",
              journal = "Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "147",
               number = "735",
                pages = "1419--1430",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Arctic amplification, heatwaves, planetary Rossby waves, 
                         quasi\‐,,, resonant amplification (QRA).",
             abstract = "In the present study, we analyse large-scale connections to deadly 
                         heatwaves in India in spring. Deadly Indian heatwaves occur in the 
                         spring months of April and May, and are increasing in recent 
                         years. These events are associated with the amplification of 
                         planetary Rossby waves. This amplification is called 
                         quasi-resonant amplification (QRA). An increase of amplitude or 
                         resonance occurs when stationary and moving waves coincide in 
                         their size. Previous studies stressed QRA's role in summer because 
                         persistent extreme weather events such as the 2003 European 
                         heatwave, the 2010 Pakistan flood, Russian heatwave, the 2011 
                         Texas and Oklahoma heat waves, and drought occurred in summer. QRA 
                         seems to be related to the amplification of Arctic warming in 
                         winter and summer, but observations show that Arctic warming 
                         occurs in spring also. The novel aspect of our study is that we 
                         found strong evidence for QRA in the boreal spring, the season of 
                         Indian heatwaves. Amplified Arctic warming or Arctic amplification 
                         thought to be responsible for QRA occurs in spring also. Our 
                         results confirm that maximum surface temperatures in spring over 
                         India show predictability with high statistical significance, 
                         about 4 days ahead. Maximum surface temperatures can be used to 
                         predict heatwaves, as shown earlier by some authors.",
                  doi = "10.1002/qj.3985",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3985",
                 issn = "0035-9009",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "rao_large.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}